Ebtehaj Salimi; Hassan Zandiyeh; Manochehr Samadivand; Masomeh Garedagi
Abstract
The dismissal of Reza Shah from political power changed the country’s political structure dramatically and began in the political and social spheres a new phase of parliamentary activities, parties, movements, and social classes. These changes affected the National Consultative Assembly election ...
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The dismissal of Reza Shah from political power changed the country’s political structure dramatically and began in the political and social spheres a new phase of parliamentary activities, parties, movements, and social classes. These changes affected the National Consultative Assembly election and people’s participation in electing their representatives in Tehran and elsewhere in the country, so that each of these newly-formed parties and movements interfered in it without any legal prohibition, and the election went out of government’s control for some time. The participation of people in the relatively free elections of the fourteenth parliament was the first experience of the Iranian nation after the fall of the first Pahlavi’s dictatorship, and it was widely welcomed. This paper surveys different parties, groups, and personalities that, freed from the difficult political conditions of the first Pahlavi, participated in the elections in Kermanshah as an important and strategic region located in western Iran. This study is based on a descriptive-analytical method and relying on documentary and library manuscripts, with analyzing the voting process, tries to find out what the influential factors in the 14th National Consultative Assembly election in Kermanshah were. The results show that unlike Reza Shah’s era, the 14th election was not monopolized by any of the political and social forces, and the candidates were affiliated with various and opposing influential groups. In the first election of the second Pahlavi era, in order to weaken the Pahlavi court, participation increased and the centers of power especially tribes and nomads and foreign political agents conducted activities during the parliamentary elections to achieve their political goals. Therefore, this period of the election was influenced by domestic and foreign agents. So new candidates entered the parliament.
Shirzad Ehsan Khah; Monireh Kazemi Rashid; Hassan Zandiyeh; Manijeh Sadri
Abstract
During the Qajar dynasty (1789 to 1925), due to events such as the rise of capitalism and the globalization of economy, Iran’s frontier opened to other countries. Kermanshah was one of the most important border cities in the country. Changes in economic infrastructure, trade boom, entry of foreign ...
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During the Qajar dynasty (1789 to 1925), due to events such as the rise of capitalism and the globalization of economy, Iran’s frontier opened to other countries. Kermanshah was one of the most important border cities in the country. Changes in economic infrastructure, trade boom, entry of foreign and non-native people into trade, production of export goods etc. were the economic consequences of these foreign affairs. This research adopts descriptive-analytical and library methods to study travelogues, diaries, documents, and other sources. The purpose of this study is to examine the economic changes of this state due to foreign affairs in one of the most important periods of Iranian history, namely the Qajar dynasty. The findings demonstrate that Iran’s foreign affairs with European and Ottoman countries brought about economic developments, including the entry of non-native people living inside and outside the country into trade, which led to the monopoly of non-native families, such as the Ottoman family of Vakil ul-Dola, Tabrizi merchants, and the Jews of Baghdad. The commercial infrastructures such as markets, inns, bureaucracies, taxation, and manufacturing workshops developed. Increased production of export goods such as carpet and opium were among the other economic consequences of foreign affairs in the state.
Hasan Zandiyeh; Bahareh Parsaara
Abstract
Among the most important and primary sources in historical studies, “Documents” have key role in reflecting political, social and cultural existence of their own time. Basically, these sources are invaluable for two groups: for ordinary people in terms of informations contained in them for ...
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Among the most important and primary sources in historical studies, “Documents” have key role in reflecting political, social and cultural existence of their own time. Basically, these sources are invaluable for two groups: for ordinary people in terms of informations contained in them for researchers in their research his. By the formation of human communities, primitivman always been in search of his identity and trying to differentiate himself from the others. As the time went by and the human communities became more populated, identification became one of the most prominent aspects of the society and various types of methods were exploited in which issuing identity documents was very decisive. Creating identity followed by the concept of identity documents was the production and the result of the second half of the first modern Pahlavi government (1931-1942). Through all kinds of identity documents, marriage contracts have a lot of values and juridical view points of from historical. In the second half of the Reza Shah, h’s government, following this project, all the authorities who were in charge of marriage offices were obliged to clarify the husband and wife identity. As a result, the historical process of continuity and evolution in marriage contracts were considered in consolidation of Iranian identity.
